Chapter 7 – Tribes, Nomads And Settled Communities

Free PDF download of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Our Pasts-II Chapter 7 – Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities solved by expert teachers on StudyStudio.com as per NCERT (CBSE) Book guidelines. All exercise questions with solutions to help you to revise the complete syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Access NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Chapter 7 – Tribes, Nomads, And Settled Communities

1. Match The Following:

Ans: 

2. Fill In The Blanks: 

(a) The new castes emerging within varnas were called _________.

Ans: jatis – Smaller castes known as jatis arose within the varna-based system. Rather than varna, jatis became the basis for social organization.

(b) _________ were historical works written by the Ahoms. 

Ans: Buranjis – Buranjis is a type of historical chronicles and manuscripts related to the Ahom monarchy, originally written in Ahom and afterward in Assamese. The Buranjis are an example of India’s uncommon historical literature.

(c) The mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages. 

Ans: The Akbar Nama – The Akbarnama, or Book of Akbar, is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor, commissioned by Akbar himself and authored by Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, his court historian, and biographer.

(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to _________and _________

Ans: poets, scholars – Tribal societies altered dramatically after becoming organized into states. Their administration began to become more centralized. Garhs were created to partition their country. Rajas, or tribal princes, began granting land to Brahmanas, poets, and philosophers.

3. State Whether True or False: 

(a) Tribal societies had rich oral traditions. 

Ans: True – Oral traditions were abundant in tribal societies

(b) There were no tribal communities in the north-western part of the subcontinent. 

Ans: False – Balochis were a well-known tribe in the northwest.

(c) The chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities. 

Ans: False – Each Garh was controlled by a different Gond clan. It was further subdivided into Chaurasi units, which consisted of 84 settlements.

(d) The Bhils lived in the north-eastern part of the subcontinent.

Ans: False – Bhils are a tribe found in the western states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Rajasthan.

4. What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?

Ans: Nomadic pastoralists traded wool, ghee, and other products for grain, textiles, utensils, and other goods with sedentary agriculturalists.

5. How was the administration of the Ahom state-organized?

Ans: 

a) The Ahom state was entirely dependent on forced labor. Paiks were people who had to work for the government. A population census was carried out. Each hamlet had to send a certain number of paiks on a regular basis.

b) People were relocated from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas. The Ahom clans splintered, and the government grew more centralized.

c) Clans or khels were used to separate Ahom society. A Khel was often in charge of numerous villages. The peasant was given land by his local community, which the king could not take away without the community’s permission.

6. What changes took place in varna-based society?

Ans: Smaller castes known as jatis arose within the varna-based system. Rather than varna, jatis became the basis for social organization.

a) Many tribes and social groups were assimilated into caste society and given the status of jatis. The Brahmanas also identified specialized artisans – smiths, carpenters, and masons – as separate jatis.

b) The rise of the Jatis resulted in an unequal social order and a wider caste divide.

c) Varnas assisted in the identification of individuals with particular capabilities and formalized labour.

7. How did tribal societies change after being organized into a state?

Ans: Tribal societies underwent the following transformations after becoming structured into states:-

a) With the help of the Brahmanas, they assimilated into the caste system.

b) The governing classes absorbed the leading tribal families, while the majority of them assimilated into the caste system’s lesser jatis.

c) Many powerful tribes in Punjab, Sind, and the North-West Frontier had already converted to Islam. They remained adamant in their opposition to the caste system.

d) In these locations, the uneven social order dictated by orthodox Hinduism was not commonly accepted.

e) Some tribes, like the Ahoms, grew to be extremely powerful and clashed with greater nations.

8. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?

Ans: The Banjaras played a vital role in the economy:-

a) They were the most powerful trader-nomads in the world.

b) By acting as carriers, they aided traders. Sultan Alauddin Khalji, for example, used the Banjaras to convey grain to city markets. The Banjaras brought grain from various places on their bullocks and sold it in towns, according to Emperor Jahangir’s records. During military battles, they transported food grain for the Mughal army.

9. In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?

Ans: The Gonds’ and Ahoms’ histories were similar in the following ways:-

a) Both tribes became more powerful as time passed.

b) The government of both tribes was centralised. Clans or jatis were formed in both tribes.

The history of the Gonds and the Ahoms differed in the following ways:-

c) The Gonds and the Ahoms had contrasting histories in that the Gonds were totally annexed by the Mughals, whilst the Ahoms were able to restore their independence soon after annexation.

d) While the Gonds practiced “shifting agriculture,” the Ahoms did not.

e) The Gonds resided in the vast forested region of Gondwana, whereas the Ahoms travelled from Myanmar to the Brahmaputra valley.

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Conclusion 

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